The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES) (2025)

Trace Metals Levels in Sediment from River Kaduna, North West Nigeria.

Twenty aggregate samples of sediments were randomly collected from five sites across the length and breadth of the Kaduna River stretching over tens of kilometer within the Kaduna metropolis. Samples were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and results obtained showed considerate high levels Pb (20.94-48.43); Mn (7.42-57.09); Cd (0-58.59); Ni (24.58-575.60) and Co (0-29.98) mg/Kg, of some of the trace metals in industrial and farming areas as compared to other parts of the water body. This is particularly relevant due to the fact the river Kaduna is main source of drinking water to communities within the state and a major source of fish to Kaduna metropolis as well as neighboring town. Its water is used for irrigation farming which produces most of the vegetables served in the state. Concentrations of trace elements in sediments are important due to recent interest in contamination potential and toxic effect of these elements on humans and the environment. This study took preliminary assessment of the level and distribution of these five trace metals, namely Cu, Mn, Co, Cd and Ni. It is hoped that this will help enrich the baseline data for the area under study. Keywords: AAS, Trace Metals, River Kaduna, Contamination, Concentration.

Heavy metals in sediments from River Ngada, Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, Nigeria

2010

The objective of this research was to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in River Ngada and the extent to which the sediment quality of the river had deteriorated. In this study, metals such as Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cr, Cd As, Ni and Pb in the sediments were determined using Perkin-Elmer Analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The extent of sediment quality deterioration was observed in all the sampling points to be higher with respect to all the metals studied. The levels of the above metals increased with an increase in distance from point S1 to S8. The metals also increased with increasing sediment depth, indicating age-long accumulation of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources. The study revealed that the levels of all the metals studied were higher than the WHO’s standard sediment guideline limits. If this trend is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the food web in this study environment might be at highest risk of induced heavy met...

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil and Sediments Along the Bank and Bed of River Benue in Taraba State Nigeria

Current Environmental Engineering, 2019

Background: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was applied to study the impact of human activities on the bed of River Benue, the second largest river in NigeriAtomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) method is most commonly being used due to its reproducibility of results, short analysis time, cost effective, lower level detection and hyphenated in nature.a. Sediments were collected at four distinct stations designated ST1 – ST4 representing areas impacted by various contaminants to different degrees. The sediments are generally slightly alkaline with pH value ranging from 7.98 - 8.53. The concentrations (mg/kg) of 7 metallic elements of environmental implications which includes Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe Mn, and Zn were determined. Mean level of metal pollutants of toxicological concern Cd and Pb were 0.05 and 1.26 mg/kg. The decrease in concentrations of the metals across sampling stations followed this sequence Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. Levels of all under studied metallic c...

SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME METALS IN SEDIMENT OF THE GREAT KWA RIVER, CALABAR, NIGERIA

Spatial variations in the concentrations of some heavy metals (Cadmium) (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) in some portions of the sediment of the Great Kwa River, Calabar, Nigeria were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of the metals in the three stations investigated revealed the following results: Esuk Ekpo Eyo among the seven metals assessed, Manganese (0.043 + 0.004) mg/g was the least in concentration while Lead (0.142 ± 0.046) had the highest in concentration. Esuk Atu recorded heavy metal values in the range of 0.036 ± 0.004 mg/g and 0.144±0.047 mg/g for Manganese and Lead (Pb) respectively. At Esuk Orok the concentration of Lead (0.144±0.047 mg/g) did not differ from the value obtained in station 2 and was still the highest while Manganese still remained the lowest in concentration (0.034 ± 0.004mg/g). There was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in the values obtained between the metals. The high levels of Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni in the sediments were potentially high in all stations indicating increase in anthropogenic activities around the river locality. Cu, Zn and Mu concentrations were below WHO standards for river sediments while the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni were higher than the recommended values. Monthly variations in the levels of metals were also visible. Pb and Ni were below detectable levels in September while others varied in amounts in other across months. Heavy metals pose serious health threats to life forms even at minute concentrations. The deleterious effects of these metals after long periods of accumulation in aquatic foods cannot be ruled out. It is therefore recommended that all anthropogenic activities which could result in the release of metals into the great Kwa River be prohibited. This will reduce the potential risks on the environment and humans and guarantee the safety of lives and the environment in the long run. Regular monitoring of metal concentrations in the river sediment, water benthos and fish species is equally recommended.

Levels of Trace Metals in surface Sediments from Kalabari Creeks, Rivers State, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2014

Comparative Analysis of Trace Metals Content of Rivers Niger and Benue in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment Samples from Maska Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria

Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2024

Distribution of Metals in Sediment Core of Orogodo River , Southern Nigeria

2019

The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cr and Zn were studied in core sediments of Orogodo River, Nigeria to understand heavy metal contaminations of core sediments as a result of urban sprawl and agricultural practices. The core sediment samples were collected from 0 to 60 cm depths using a corers, digested with a mixture of acids and the metal concentrations were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The assessment of contamination of the core sediment was based on the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index. The mean concentrations of metals in the core sediment were 0.5-5.0 mg kg and 0.9 – 8.8 mg kg for Cu; 0.812.9 mg kg and 0.6-6.5 mg kg for Pb; 42.8 -42.1 and 21.8-46.4 mg kg for Mn; 291713 and 159-704 mg kg for Fe, 0.6-1.1 and 0.3-2.0 mg kg for Cr ; 14.9 -85.9 and 16.3-94.8 mg kg for Zn in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors indicate that the top sections of sediment cores were signific...

Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Water and Sediment of Lower Cross River System in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study analyzed some heavy metals in surface water and sediment from Cross River system in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Water and sediment samples were collected from Ibaka, Oron, Nwaniba, Ayadehe, Okopedi and Enwang and analyzed for the concentration of some heavy metal ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained from the analysis indicated that mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Se and Ni in surface water were 13.69±8.97, 20.53±10.60, 18±11.47, 25.81±13.91, 26.9±11.0 1.18±0.32 and 32.67±26.16 µg while the corresponding mean concentrations in the sediments were 0.52±0.24, 57.78±15.60, 16.22±5.48, 7.52±2.28, 69.81±16.90, 0.75±0.44 and 6.87±2.26 µg/g, respectively. The results of surface water and sediment quality were compared with some guidelines which revealed no serious contamination risk to man and aquatic organism for surface water and some degree of contamination at some stations for the metals under study in sediment samples.

Sediments and Water Column Contamination by Heavy Metals in Ekulu River, Nigeria: Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment

Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2019

Acid mine drainage from a defunct coal mine, agricultural run-off and indiscriminate waste disposal constitute major threat to the quality of Ekulu river of Enugu State, Nigeria. In this study, Ekulu river sediments and water column pollution by heavy metals and the associated ecological and human health exposure risks were assessed. The heavy metals were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The parameters used in assessing the pollution of the sediments were contamination factor, contamination degree, geochemical accumulation index and pollution load index whereas the ecological risk of the heavy metals in the sediments was assessed using potential ecological risk index. The parameters employed in assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure by humans to the heavy metals were hazard index and risk index. The results obtained indicate that the chromium and lead input into the sediments around the defunct coal mine area during the wet season was signifi...